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Cornell University researchers have developed an alloptical silicon switch where one lowpowered beam of light switches another on and off.The all optical ring resonator switch is 20 microns long and can operate with as little as 25picojoules of energy. It turns on and then off in 450 picoseconds about 70 times faster than emerging...

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University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign researchers have developed proteinencapsulated singlewalled carbon nanotubes that alter their fluorescence in the presence of specific biomolecules. The technique could generate many new types of implantable biological sensors. The researchers have already built a nearinfrared nanoscale sensor that...

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Researchers using diffusion tensor (DT) MRI have found a third area of the human brain, dubbed "Geschwind's territory," that is part of human language circuits along with Broca's and Wernicke's areas. "There are clues that the parallel pathway network we found is important for the acquisition of language in childhood," said Marco Catani, M.D.,...

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Gene therapy reduces skin cancer from sunburn

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University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas have successfully tested the first gene therapy for skin cancer, using a mouse model for the disease xeroderma pigmentosum, or XP. Humans with XP have a mutation that prevents the body from repairing DNA damaged by UV light. Mice with mutations in the gene Xpa suffer from XP and develop...

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Duke University Medical Center neurobiologists have demonstrated that they could distinguish in unprecedented detail the patterns of brain activity including fleeting changes in communication among brain structures in awake animals, as they fall sleep and as they transition among different sleep stages. They believe that their new...

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The introduction of nanotubes in white blood cells caused no measurable change in cell properties like shape, rate of growth or the ability to adhere to surfaces, researchers from Rice University, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, and the Texas Heart Institute have found. The white blood cells, which were incubated in...

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The U.S. patent system costs companies and individuals billions of dollars and millions of manhours annually to obtain patents and fight frivolous lawsuits. A proposed patentpolicy reform agenda includes three elements: Create incentives and opportunities for parties to challenge the novelty andnonobviousness of an invention before the...

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The complete genome sequence of the chicken has been published. The chicken is the closest relative of mammals sequenced so far, and should provide a crucial point of comparison in studies of mammalian evolution. The number of chicken genes is similar to that of mammals, but the chicken genome appears to contain a smaller amount of...

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A team at the Siemens Communications research laboratory in Munich have transmitted one gigabit of data per second across their mobile network. The esearchers used multiple receiving antennas and Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing to set their record. Christoph Caselitz, president of the Mobile Networks Division at Siemens...

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The photovoltaic cell is old news: the latest way to exploit the sun is through tiny materials that can directly convert sunlight into large amounts of hydrogen. Hydrogen Solar of Guilford, England, and Altair Nanotechnologies are building a hydrogengeneration system that captures sunlight and uses the energy to break water molecules into...

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Purdue University researchers have created a unified model for predicting the reliability of new designs for silicon transistors. The method can be used to simultaneously evaluate the reliability of two types of transistors essential for CMOS computer chips and accurately predict how new designs for both types of transistors will degrade over...

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University of Alberta researchers have designed a computer chip that uses about 100 times less energy than current stateoftheart digital chips It uses a new method of processing digital data, known as analog decoding, using extremely low levels of power to execute its detection algorithm. ..

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University of Arkansas physicists have discovered a new phase in nanodisks and nanorods that may enable researchers to increase memory storage density. The researchers studied ferroelectric materials at the nanometer scale. They found that the dipoles in nanomaterials form a new state when the temperature is lowered. Instead of polarization,...

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A new "protopolymer" chemical state has been observed by Penn State researchers in chains of phenylene molecules on a crystalline copper surface at low temperature. Protopolymers form when monomers align and interact without forming chemical bonds. The existence of this bonding state could potentially have significant implications for...

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New research at Rice University is allowing biochemists to understand a key hierarchy of protein interactions that occurs in DNA replication. It shows for the first time how a key cell regulatory protein called p21 "trumps" its rivals and shuts down cell division while DNA repairs take place. In healthy cells, p21 binds strongly with Human...

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Virginia Polytechnic researchers have developed a large molecule, or supramolecular complex, capable of using sunlight to separate hydrogen from water. The complex could be used to produce hydrogen for cleanburning combustion engines and fuel...

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An invention that converts ocean wave energy into electricity and genetics research on breast cancer won top honors in the 200405 Siemens Westinghouse Competition in Math, Science and Technology. Other finalists included a team project studying singledwalled carbon nanotubes sorting methods, and an individual studying noncontact...

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In 2020 phones will be printed directly on to wrists, or other parts of the body, part of what's known as a "pervasive ambient world" where "chips are everywhere" says Ian Pearson, BT's (British Telecom's) resident futurologist. Researchers have developed computers and sensors worn in clothing. MP3 jackets, based on the idea that electrically...

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Oregon Health & Science University scientists have found that human T cell diversity fades with age, potentially resulting in a higher susceptibility to disease. In old age the population of CD8 T cells cells that recognize and destroy abnormal or infected cells and suppress the activity of other white blood cells to protect normal tissue

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Monkey embryos have been successfully cloned for the first time, and embryonic stem cells have been extracted from them. The success could have implications for human therapies as it means that stem cell researchers could one day test stem cell therapies in nonhuman primates before taking treatments into the...

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